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Massachusetts Constitutional Convention of 1853
The Massachusetts Constitutional Convention of 1853 met in order to consider changes to the Massachusetts Constitution. This was the third such convention in Massachusetts history held by delegates selected for the purpose: the first, in 1779–80, had drawn up the original document, while the second, in 1820–21, submitted a number of articles to a popular vote, resulting in the adoption of the first nine amendments and the rejection of a number of other proposals. Since 1853, Massachusetts has had one subsequent constitutional convention, in 1917–18.
==Background==
George S. Boutwell was inaugurated Governor in January 1851. This "marked the beginning of a determined drive for the elimination of the 'inequalities' in the system of representation."〔Glasser, Eli A., ''Government and the Constitution (1820–1917)'', p. 19, in ''Commonwealth History of Massachusetts: Colony, Province and State'', vol. 4, Albert B. Hart (ed.), New York, The States History Company, 1930.〕 A joint committee on representation of the Massachusetts General Court recommended an amendment giving smaller towns an unfair advantage over the larger ones, and it failed to reach the required two-thirds majority in the House. However, the drive for reform persisted, and a Senate bill provided that the people be asked whether they wished for a constitutional convention. The bill passed, but on November 10, 1851 the idea of a convention was rejected by a vote of 65,846 against to 60,972 in favor.〔Glasser, Eli A., ''Government and the Constitution (1820–1917)'', p. 20, in ''Commonwealth History of Massachusetts: Colony, Province and State'', vol. 4, Albert B. Hart (ed.), New York, The States History Company, 1930.〕
Undeterred, the Legislature on May 7, 1852 passed "An Act relating to the calling a Convention of Delegates of the People, for the purpose of revising the Constitution". On November 8〔''Journal of the Constitutional Convention of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Begun and Held in Boston, on the Fourth Day of May, 1853'', p. 1. Boston, White & Potter, 1853.〕 of that year, the following question was answered in the affirmative by the voters:
Is it expedient that delegates should be chosen to meet in convention for the purpose of revising or altering the Constitution of government of this Commonwealth?
Delegates to the Convention were elected on March 7, 1853, with each town entitled to the same number of delegates as it had representatives in the Massachusetts House of Representatives.
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